Apparatus for dyeing.



R. WEISS.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

(No Model.)

(Application led Jan. 13, 1900 Patented .luly 8, |902.

2 Sheeis-Sheet I.

THE norms Firms ca. Hom-uwe.. wnsumnrou. D. c,

' No. 704,283. Patented luly 8, |902.

R. WEISS.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

(Application led Jan. 13, 1900,) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

TH! Nonms Enns co. womumo.. wAsnworou, D. c.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT WEISS, OF KINGERSHEIM, NEAR MULHOUSE, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Lettes Patent NO. 704,283, dated July 8,1902.

Application led January 13| 1900. Serial No. 1,325. (No model.) y

T0 all wtmit it may con/cern:

Be it known that l, ROBERT lVEIss, chemist, a citizen of the SwissRepublic, and a resident of Kingersheim, near Mulhouse, Alsace, Germany,have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for TreatingTextile Materials with Circulating Fluids, of which the following is aclear and complete specification.

Apparatus as heretofore usually employed for treating (bleaching,dyeing, the.) textile materials with circulating liquids or gases havethe disadvantage that the fluid does not regularly penetrate the textilematerial,which is in the woven, spun, or waste form, since the saidmaterial when introduced into the boiler or keir or into the basket inwhich it is treated is not Aheaped up or packed in a regular manner, asin the neighborhood of the boiler or basket shell it is packed lesstightly, so that the liquid or gas circulates through the apparatus withmore energy near the boiler or the basket shell, thereby often producinginjurious inequalities in the textile material treated. In order toovercome this disadvantage, the textile material to be treated withliquidor gas is in the apparatus which forms the Subj ect of thisinvention charged into baskets as in the ordinary apparatus. The basketside or shell which comes into contact with the wall of the keir orboiler is, however, formed of outwardlycurved springs, and its largestdiameter is greater than that of the boiler or keir or of the part ofthe boiler or keir which is to receive the basket, so that when the saidbasket is placed in the boiler or keir its side or shell is compressedinward by the boiler or keir shell, so as to more tightly pack thetextile material in the neighborhood of the boiler or keir shell aroundthe whole periphery thereof.

The apparatus heretofore used for treating (bleaching, dyeing, dic.)textile fibers wherein circulating liquids are employed the temperatureof which exceeds 100 centigrade have, furthermore, the disadvantage thatthe pressure-pipe of the pump which maintains the liquid in circulationopens directly into the upper part of the vessel containing the textilefibers, in the form of woven, spun, or waste material, so that itfrequently happens with such apparatus from the carelessness of theattendant or by accident that the whole of the contents of the vessel isnot immersed in theliquid, the upper layers thus coming into contactwith the hot steam, whereby the textile fibers are burned or injured. Toobviate this disadvantage according to the present invention, acompensating vessel is arranged between the pump which maintains incirculation the liquidtat a temperature of above 100O centigrade and theupper part of the boiler or vessel which receives the textile materialto be treated, the said compensating vessel being arranged above theboiler and being closed to the atmosphere. This vessel can receive suchaquantity of reserve liquid that suflicient liquid is always present tomaintain the whole of the textile material in the boiler immersed in theliquid.V

In Figures l and 2 of the'faccompanying drawings there are showndiagrammatically two forms of apparatus made according to the invention.Figs. 3 and 4f show in a side and a plan View, respectively, abasket foruse with the apparatus shown in Fig. l, While in the apparatusillustrated in Fig. 2 baskets of irregular diameter are employed and thediameter of the boiler increases in steps from below upward. Figs. 5 and6 show further forms of boiler-containing baskets.

The boiler A, Figfl, above the sieve-like bottom B of which the basketsC, containing the textile material, are arranged, is connected at itslower part with the suction-pipe c of a pump D, the pressure-pipe e ofwhich opens into the upper part of the compensating vessel F. The latteris arranged above the boiler A, at a suitable distance behind the same,and its lower part is in communication with the upper part of the boilerAby a pipe g. The compensating vessel F is furnished with a heating-coili, a pipe j, which conveys steam directly into its upper part, asafetyvalve k, and a pipe Z, provided with acock for drawing off thegases and steam.

The basket shown in Figs. 3 and il and which is employed with thisapparatus consists of two metal rings b h', of which at least the loweris fitted with a sieve a and which are connected together by theoutwardly-curved springs d, forming the side walls or shell of thebasket. To the upper ring h there is secured a number of rods f, and thelower end IOO of each of these rods is guided in a socketf, fixed to thelower ring h', so that when a number of such baskets is placed one abovethe other in the boiler A, as shown at Fig. 1, the lower ends of therodsfof the basket, which are weighted by the baskets above them, mustbear against the corresponding lower ring b in order to prevent thecompression of the lower baskets. The textile material to be treated ischarged as usual in the baskets, and the latter are so chosen that theirlargest diameter-that is to say, the diameter at the outwardly-belliedpart-is greater than the diameter of the boiler or the part of theboiler designed to receive the basket, so that when introducing eachloaded basket at the part of the boiler A which is to receive it thesprings d are pressed inward by the shell of the boiler, andconsequently the textile materiallyingin the neighborhood of the springsand which in the charging has been less tightly packed than the rest ismore tightly compressed around the Whole of the periphery of the basket,whereby a much more regular circulation of the liquid or gas is effectedthrough the textile material. The springs dare so thin and the distancebetween the adjacent springs CZ so small that after the loaded basket isintroduced into the boiler and the textile material in the neighborhoodof the springs has been compressed a very little only of this materialcan escape around the periphery of the basket between the springs. Thebasket can obviously be provided at the upper ring b with a detachablesieve.

The apparatus operates in the usual way, with the difference that thepressure-pipe of the pump D instead of introducing the liquid directlyinto the boiler A supplies it to the compensating vessel F above thesame,so that in any case sutticient liquid is present in the apparatusto maintain the textile material in the vessel A wholly immersed inliquid. The treatment can therefore be effected at higher temperaturesand under greater pressures than usual, since there is no longer anyfear that, as in the case of ordinary apparatus in which the textilematerial is treated at temperatures above 100 centigrade,the upperlayers of the contents of the vessel can come into contact with the hotvapors or gases, and thereby become burned and damaged. As in thisapparatus the treatment of the textile bers is conducted at highertemperatures than usual, (1200 to 140o centigrade,) the process isquickened, as, on the one hand, in the case of dyeing, the bath isbetter or more perfectly extracted and the dyestuff more quickly fixed,and, on the other hand, in the case of bleaching, the fatty bodies,resins, and other incrustation substances of the textile material aremore quickly removed at higher temperatures, whereby it results that inthe latter case more dilute chemicals can be employed, so that thetextile iibers are less aected.

The newr apparatus is chiefly advantageous in bleaching textilematerials and in dyeing the same in neutral or alkaline baths attemperatures of from 100 to 140 centigrade.

In the form of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 the pump D is placedabove the boiler A, and between the same and the lower part of the saidboiler a further vessel M is arranged, which in construction is similarto thecompensatingvesselF. Thesuction-pipe c of the pump dips to apredetermined level into the vessel M, which is in connection by thepipe n with the lower part of the boiler A. The object of thisarrangement is that the pump D shall aspire only liquid from the vesselM or A after the liquid-level in M has risen to such an extent that thesuction-pipe c dips into the liquid contained in the vessel M, so thatthere must always be liquid in the pipe n, even though thepump shoulddeliver more liquid in agiven time than liows through the materialcontained in the vessel A in the same time, whereby no vacuum can beformed in the under part of the boiler A, which could cause an irregularpenetration of the liquid through the material undergoing treatment inthe vessel A. The diameter of the boiler A increases in steps, and therods f and the socketsf of the baskets C are obviously dispensed with.

In Fig. 5, which shows a boiler with conical side walls, the springs dare secured at the lower part to the outside of the ring b' and at theupper part to the inside of the ring h. The dotted lines in this figureshow the shape that the springs d assume when the basket is outside theboiler. nular ledge in the vessel upon which the upper ring Z) rests. Asthe lower ring b of the basket placed above it is to rest upon the ringZ), the ledge i: prevents the compression of the basket suspended to itby means of the upper rings b by the weight of the basket above it.

The invention can, as will be seen from Fig. G, also be applied to theMather and Platt apparatus, wherein the fibrous material which is to betreated with a liquid or with gas is loaded upon wagons, which, runningon rails, are conveyed into a horizontal boiler or vessel A. The lateralwalls of these wagons are in this case made of springs d. The upper endsof the springs forming the walls of the trucks are connected together bylongitudinal rods m. To some of these longitudinal rods there aresecured screws s, having left-hand screw-threads,and to the othersscrews o, having right-hand screw-threads, which engage in pairs incorresponding female threads in a rotatable piece r, so that by turningthese pieces r the spring sides forming the walls of the wagons canseparate froln or be approached toward one another. Before the materialto be treated is introduced into such a wagon or truck the sides thereofby turning the small pieces r are separated to such a distance from oneanother that the greatest breadth thereof is greater than the u is anan-' IOS IIO

diameter of the vessel A. Assuming such a wagon or truck to be iilledwith textile material, the sides of the same must be approached to oneanother to such an extent by turning the pieces a' in the properdirection that the wagon can be passed into the vessel A. By thenturning the parts r in the other direction the spring sides of the truckare pressed against the shell of the vessel. By this means the textilematerial in the neighborhood of the springs d is more tightly compressedthan it was immediately after charging, so that a regular circulation ofthe liquid which iiows vertically through the wagon is obtained.

What I claim is- I. In an apparatus for the purpose speciiied, thecombination with a closed boiler to contain the material, a closedcompensating vessel situated wholly above the boiler, a pipe connectingthe top of the boiler with the bottom of said compensating vessel, meansfor causing the circulating liquid to flow from the bottom of the boilerto the upper part of said compensating vessel, and means for heating thecirculating liquid up to the required temperature.

2. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulatingliquids having a temperature above 100O centigrade, the combination witha closed boiler to contain the material, and a pump to maintain acontinuous circulation of the liquid through the material in the boiler,of a compensating vessel closed against the atmosphere, coupled at itsupper part to the pump and at its lower part to the upper part of saidboiler, and means for heating the circulating liquid up to the requiredtemperature, said compensating vessel being situated wholly above theboiler and adapted to contain such a quantity of the liquid that aquantity of the liquid will be always present in the upper part of theboiler sufficient to insure that the textile material in the boilershall be always covered with liquid, whereby the treatment may beeffected at a high temperature and under considerable pressure,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulatingfluids, the combination with a boiler in which the textile material isto be treated, of a basket to contain the textile material and to beintroduced into the said boiler, the sides of said basket, which are tocome into contact with the boiler-Wall, being formed of outwardly-curvedsprings d, and the largest diameter of said basket: that is to say, thediameter including the outwardlycurved springs, being greater than thatof the part of the boiler to receive the basket, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

4. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulatingiiuids, the combination with a boiler in which the textile material isto be treated, of baskets to contain the material, of differentdiameters, placed one above another in the boiler and the bottoms ofwhich are adapted to rest upon ledges in said boiler, the sides of saidbasketsbeing formed of outwardly-curved springs d, the largest diameterof the basket: that is to say, the diameter including said curvedsprings, being greater than that of the part of the boiler to receivethe corresponding basket, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 29th day ofDecember, 1899, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT WEISS. IVitnesses:

GEORGE GIEEonD, AMAND RITTER.

